Intersection of Two Linked Lists

Brute force

• We check for every node from the smaller LL, if there exists SAME NODE(not same value) in the bigger LL, then we return that node, else we return null.
• TC: O(M*N) where M is the length of smaller LL and N is the length of bigger LL.

Hashing improvement

• We take a hashmap.
• While traversing first LL we put the node(not node value) in the hashmap.
• While traversing the second LL we check if the node is present in the hashmap or not.
• If present then we return that node, else we return null
• TC: O(M+N)- Assuming hashing works in O(1)
• SC: O(M+N)- (Hashmap)

Constant space O(N) Time optimization

• We calculate the length of both LLs.
• We move the pointers of the larger LL to the difference of the length of the two LLs.
• We traverse both LLs simultaneously.
• If we find the same node, then we return that node, else at the end return null.
• TC: O(N)- N is the length of the longer LL
• SC: O(1)

Code

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* getIntersectionNode(ListNode* headA, ListNode* headB)
    {
        if (headA == NULL || headB == NULL) return NULL; // Remember this case also, you forgot

        int len1 = 0, len2 = 0;
        ListNode *ptr1 = headA, *ptr2 = headB;
        while (ptr1 != NULL) {
            len1++;
            ptr1 = ptr1->next;
        }
        while (ptr2 != NULL) {
            len2++;
            ptr2 = ptr2->next;
        }
        ptr1 = headA, ptr2 = headB;
        if (len1 > len2) {
            int temp = len1 - len2;
            while (temp--) {
                ptr1 = ptr1->next;
            }
        } else {
            int temp = len2 - len1;
            while (temp--) {
                ptr2 = ptr2->next;
            }
        }

        while (ptr1 != NULL && ptr2 != NULL) {
            if (ptr1 == ptr2) {
                return ptr1;
            }
            ptr1 = ptr1->next;
            ptr2 = ptr2->next;
        }
        return NULL;
    }
};

Same complexity another method.

• we take two pointers, one from headA and one from headB.
• move both of them simultaneously.
• if any of the pointers reach to Null, then set that pointer to the start of the other LL.
• Then if insertion point present both the pointers point to the same node, then return that node.
• if both pointers reach to Null, then return NULL.
• The complexity is same but the code is small.

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* getIntersectionNode(ListNode* headA, ListNode* headB)
    {
        if (headA == NULL || headB == NULL) return NULL;

        ListNode *ptr1 = headA, *ptr2 = headB;

        while (ptr1 != ptr2) {
            ptr1 = (ptr1 == NULL) ? headB : ptr1->next;
            ptr2 = (ptr2 == NULL) ? headA : ptr2->next;
        }
        return ptr1;
    }
};

Codestudio

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
int findIntersection(Node *fh, Node *sh)
{
    if(!fh || !sh) return -1;
    Node* p1 = fh, *p2= sh;
    while(p1!=p2){
        if(p1==NULL){
            p1 = sh;
        }else{
            p1 = p1->next;
        }
        if(p2==NULL){
            p2 = fh;
        }else {
            p2 = p2->next;
        }
    }
    if(p1==NULL) return -1;
    return p1->data;
}